This interesting text is based on the papers read at the commemorative conference (held at Misty Hills in South Africa in April 2004) and critically examines the progress that South Africa and the United States have made towards realising equal educational opportunities for all. It also provides further international perspectives from Unesco and Europe. The title contains personal recollections of experiences related to equality by Judge Albie Sachs of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.

Issues of social justice have been an important part of social psychology since the explosion of psychological research that occurred during and after World War II. At that time, psychologists began to move away from earlier theories that paid little attention to people's subjective understanding of the world. As increasing attention was paid to people's thoughts about their social experiences, it was discovered that people are strongly affected by their assessments of what is just or fair in their dealings with others. This recognition has led to a broad range of studies exploring what people mean by justice and how it influences their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Issues of social justice have been an important part of social psychology since the explosion of psychological research that occurred during and after World War II. At that time, psychologists began to move away from earlier theories that paid little attention to people's subjective understanding of the world. As increasing attention was paid to people's thoughts about their social experiences, it was discovered that people are strongly affected by their assessments of what is just or fair in their dealings with others. This recognition has led to a broad range of studies exploring what people mean by justice and how it influences their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

JACQUES S. BECKMANN & THOMAS C. OSBORN Extraordinary progress has been made in the analyses of the genetic structures of higher eukaryotic genomes. Only ten years elapsed between the initial proposals to use molecular DNA markers for the generation of a complete linkage map of the human genome [5, 17] and the first description of a 10 centimorgan map of one of its chromosomes [22], soon to be followed by others. The availability of molecular DNA markers, henceforth called genomic markers [for a review of their properties see 1, 2, 20], represents a milestone in genetics by providing the capacity for complete genetic coverage of all genomes. It is important to remember that the nature of the DNA polymorphism or of the specific method used to uncover it can be quite different for different marker loci. The genetic variation detected can be a result of a simple point mutation, a DNA insertion/deletion event, or a change in repeat copy number at some hypervariable DNA [11] or micro satellite [21] motif. Currently, the methods of detection can involve use of restriction endonucleases, nucleic acid hybridization, or DNA sequence amplification. Each of these sources of var iation and methods of detection can have utility for different applications. Furthermore, new approaches for the detection of DNA polymorphism are constantly emerging. The primary concern here is that the monitored poly morphism defines a genetic marker 'useful' for the desired application.

In revising the Tinbergen Lectures I have expanded and restructured the material in an attempt to make the book more readable and more interesting. I have also tried to show more clearly its relevance to managerial and organizational practice. Some mathematical derivations have been moved to appendices. Certain sections that may be skipped in a first reading have been starred. Points that should be of interest to management include * the nature and necessity of rank (4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 4) rank assignment by counting up or down (4. 3) defining an organization's task (6. 2) calculating the required size of an organization (6. 3) * allocating supervisors in the short run (6. 7) when uniform spans of control are desirable (6. 8) * how to estimate an organization's implicit span of control (7) determining the minimal ranks in supervision (8. 3) * the advantage of flexible department lines (8. 4) measuring the leanness of an organization (8. 5) the relationship between average wage and unit labor cost (10. 2) job allocation in the short run (10. 4) * calculating the cost of supervision for particular jobs (10. 5) * recognizing economic choices in substituting managers for operatives or vice versa (11) * determining the optimal size of a research team (12) VI * setting targets (13. 1) * budgeting under full information (13. 2) * budgeting under imperfect information (13. 3) * sources of information loss (14.

Ake E.Andersson has always been intellectually on the move. He has selected his own track through the academic system and has formed a school of thought which has brought him international recognition. The cornerstones of his scientific interest are welfare analysis, regional economic dynamics and human capital theory. For his excellent achievements on dynamic analysis in the field of regional economics and regional planning he received the Japanese Honda Prize in 1995. This book provides a sample of the broad ranging research of Ake E.Andersson. Here some of his friends and colleagues have contributed to give various examples from the growing research field "Knowledge and Networks in a Dynamic Economy" in which he has been a great inspiration and in which he has contributed as part of his prodigious output.

Economics of Knowledge explores the theory and empirical facts needed for rational decisions on knowledge investments, creative processes and management of knowledge based industries and institutions. The accumulation of knowledge through higher education, scientific research and industrial R&D is a key factor in economic and social development. This timely and valuable book focuses on the micro- and macroeconomics of knowledge production, and on the analysis of technical constraints, possibilities of collaboration and incentives for scientists, academic teachers and students. The authors move on to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of centrally controlled and competitive university systems, before concluding with a set of decision-making rules for government, university administrations and industry. This book on a hotly contested subject will be widely sought after by those with an interest in economics, management, operations research, regional science and planning as well as consultants to knowledge based industries. R&D managers of industrial firms will learn a great deal from this book as will managers of universities and research institutes.

Das Lehr- und Nachschlagewerk bietet das Grundwissen für Bauingenieure – kompakt und aktuell. Neben den Kerngebieten werden auch baurechtliche, wirtschaftliche und organisatorische Fragen behandelt, deren Beherrschung heute Voraussetzung für erfolgreiche Ingenieurtätigkeit ist. Ausgewiesene Fachautoren behandeln weitere Themen wie Geo- und Abfalltechnik, Wasserbau, Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Raumordnung und Städtebau sowie Verkehrssysteme und -anlagen. Neu in der 2. Auflage ist ein Beitrag zum nachhaltigen Bauen und zur Anwendung im Betonbau.

Das in 3. Auflage erscheinende Standardwerk des Bauingenieurwesens bietet Grundwissen kompakt, umfassend und aktuell. Das Handbuch wurde den aktuellen Normen und Richtlinien sowie veranderten Zielen und Wertsetzungen angepasst und versteht sich als Lehrbuch fur Studierende und Nachschlagewerk fur Praktiker. Neben den klassischen Fachern des Konstruktiven Ingenieurbaus, des Grundbaus, der Bauwirtschaft und des Wasser- sowie Verkehrswegebaus zahlt dazu notwendigerweise das Methodenwissen uber die planerischen Grundlagen und die rechtliche Sicherung der Raumplanung, Stadt- und Infrastrukturentwicklung. Die Methoden und Prozesse der Vorbereitung und Sicherung von baulichen Anlagen und Infrastrukturen sind zum Teil im Stadtebaurecht, im oeffentlichen Baurecht wie auch im Umweltrecht kodifiziert.

Studierende des Bauingenieurwesens werden durch kompaktes Wissen auf ihre komplexen Aufgaben vorbereitet und auf Vertiefungsmoeglichkeiten hingewiesen. Praktiker koennen ihren Wissensstand insbesondere auch auf solchen Gebieten aktualisieren, die nicht zu ihrem Alltagsgeschaft gehoeren.

Studierende des Bauingenieurwesens werden durch das kompakte Wissen auf ihre komplexen Aufgaben vorbereitet und auf Vertiefungsmoeglichkeiten hingewiesen. Praktikern bietet das Werk die Moeglichkeit, ihren Wissensstand zu den Grundlagen zu aktualisieren.

Studierende des Bauingenieurwesens werden durch kompaktes Wissen auf ihre komplexen Aufgaben vorbereitet und auf Vertiefungsmoeglichkeiten hingewiesen. Praktiker koennen ihren Wissensstand insbesondere auch auf solchen Gebieten aktualisieren, die nicht zu ihrem Alltagsgeschaft gehoeren.

Studierende des Bauingenieurwesens werden durch kompaktes Wissen auf ihre komplexen Aufgaben vorbereitet und auf Vertiefungsmoeglichkeiten hingewiesen. Praktiker koennen ihren Wissensstand insbesondere auch auf solchen Gebieten aktualisieren, die nicht zu ihrem Alltagsgeschaft gehoeren.

Die Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz hat seit ihrer Entwicklung durch Leon FESTINGER vor mehr als 25 Jahren eine nahezu unuber- schaubare Anzahl von Forschungsarbeiten angeregt. Erstaunlicher- weise blieb demgegenuber die theoretische Weiterentwicklung der weitgehend 'bruchstuckhaft. Wichtige Fragen sind nach wie Theorie vor ungeklart - z.B. die Frage nach der zugrundeliegenden Motiva- tion, oder des Verhaltnisses zu anderen Motivationen. Die Prazi- sion der Aussagen der Theorie wurde ebenfalls nur teilweise (vor allem durch Irle, 1975) erhoeht - wichtige Anfangsbedingungen wie z.B. die Relevanz von Kognitionen fureinander, sind immmer noch unzureichend spezifiziert. Schliesslich wurden kaum Versuche un- ternommen, die Theorie in die allgemeine Psychologie zu integrie- ren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die in der Theorie dargestell- ten Prozesse aus einer handlungstheoretischen Perspektive analy- siert. Dies erlaubt einerseits ihre Integration mit anderen theo- retischen Ansatzen und eroeffnet andererseits Moeglichkeiten zur Loesung der angesprochenen Probleme. Es werden eine Reihe von Untersuchungen berichtet, die sich aus durch diese Perspektive vermittelten Prazisierungsansatzen ergebenJ) Fur ihre Unterstut- zung bei der Durchfuhrung dieser Untersuchungen sei an dieser Stelle Achim Broetz, Antje Nebel, Christiane Turner und' Konrad Will ebenso gedankt wie den Studenten der Universitat Mannheim fur ihre Teilnahmebereitschaft. Fur ihre unermudliche Arbeit beim Tippen des Manuskriptes danke ich Angelika Gilbers und Ur- sula Gramminger.

If production exhausts some resources and these are necessary in future production even though some substitution of producible resources is pos sible, how should the available stocks of exhaustible resources be allocated to present and future production? The objective considered is to maximize the present value of the utility of current and future consumption. When production functions are Cobb-Douglas and the utility functions are logarithmic, the optimum decision rule has the simple form: use up the fraction l-e of the remaining amount of every exhaustible resource in every period. Here fl is the discount factor. Conversely if rates of use of exhaustible resources are given, then these imply a time rate of discount for future utility. Depending on e and on the rate of technical progress (assumed as exogeneous) a stationary state or even growth are possible. But rates of resource exhaustion above a critical level imply a steady decline and eventual extinction. La production epuisant certaines resources qui seraient indispensables a la production future bien qu'on puisse substituer a un certain degre, les resources productibles, comment faut-il assigner a la production presente et future, les stocks disponibles des resources epuisables? II faut resoudre ce probleme dans Ie but de porter au maximum, la valeur actuelle de l'utilite de la consommation courante et future."